The first Seminar of the second cycle on “History and Philosophy of Science: Historiographical traditions and epistemological perspectives” will deal with the work of two famous Eighteenth Century women scientists, Maria Gaetana Agnesi and Faustina Pignatelli, and the different interpretations and reconstructions of their work and thinking in the historiography of Newtonianism, whereby special attention will be devoted also to Mariangela Ardinghelli and the diffusion of Newtonianism in contemporary Neapolitan Culture. Clara Silvia Roero (Maria Gaetana Agnesi studiosa e autrice di un trattato di successo) will focus on Agnesi and the reasons of the success in Italy and abroad of her Instituzioni Analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana (1748). The topic lies at the crossroads of different historiographical approaches, such as the “genetic” one, mathematical history, the pedagogical-educational approach, and “gender history,” which will be evaluated and compared. Massimo Mazzotti (Maria Gaetana Agnesi. Da genio a strega) will examine the way the work of Maria Gaetana Agnesi is accounted for in the history of Eighteenth-Century science, comparing it with other XIX-XX Century biographies, and will advance his own interpretation about the historiographical construction of mathematical genealogies and on the phenomenon of the “women philosophers” in Eighteenth-Century Italy. Aldo Brigaglia (Faustina Pignatelli e i rapporti scientifici tra Napoli, Bologna e Parigi) will present the work of Pignatelli, Princess of Colobrano, her studies on living forces and her active role in Neapolitan scientific circles, and will introduce to some of the Neapolitan scientists that supported the local diffusion of Newtonianism and in particular to Mariangela Ardinghelli, another woman scientist involved in mathematical and electricity research.